1. THUHMAHRUAI
British
Museum-ah khuan “Laodikei Khuaa Mite
Hnena Tirhkoh Paula Lehkhathawn” (Laodikei
Lehkhathawn) ni-awma an sawi, Lehkhathawn hlui tawh tak a awm a. He
Lehkhathawn hian Châng 20 (Châng 19 nia sawi pawh an awm) a nei a, Ephesi Khuaa
Mite Hnena Tirhkoh Paula Lehkhathawn nen a in-ang êm êm a, in-ang lo châng 2
chiah a awm. He Lehkhathawn hi “the
Harleian MSS., Cod. 1212” an tih zinga mi kha a ni.
Laodikei
khua leh Kolossa khua-te hi mêl 15 leka inhlatah an awm a. Laodikei, Kolossa
leh Hierapoli khua-te hi Tirhkoh Paula Rawngbawlna aţanga piangthar Epaphra’n
Kohhran a din te an ni a, Lycus lui kam tuaka khawpui awm an ni. Kan thu khel mêk
“Laodikei Khuaa Mite Hnena Tirhkoh Paula Lehkhathawn” tih hi a sei teh duah êm
a, a tawi zawngin “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” tiin kan sawi zel tawh mai ang.
Kolossa
Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkhathawn-a kan hmuh ang hian, amah Tirhkoh Paula ngeiin, “He Lehkhathawn hi in zinga in chhiar hnu-in
Laodikei kohhranho zingah pawh chhiartir ve rawh u; nangni pawhin Laodikei
khuaa mi kha lo chhiar ve bawk ang che u“ (Kol.4:16) a tih avangin, Laodikei
Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkhathawn hi a awm ngei a ni tih hi rinhlelh rual a ni lova.
Hmuhchhuah erawh ala ni rih lo thung a ni.
He
Lehkhathawn hmuchhuah loh hian mi tam tam rilru a luah a, “Khawiah nge he Lehkhathawn bo
hi a awm?” tih hi zawhna awm reng leh zawh âwm tak a ni reng a. Ţhenkhat
chuan, Bible bu dang leh Lehkhathawn dang bo te pawh a awm nual anga a lan
avang hian, chungte chu hmuhchhuah tawh (The Lost Books of the Bible Found) ang
te-in an tlâng than tir ţhin bawk a. Chuvangin, hetiang lam hawi hi thuchiang
tak hriat hi thil ţul tak a nih avangin chhui kan tum dawn a ni.
2. LEHKHA HI TU THAWN NGE? PAULA NGE
LAODIKEI MITE?
Tirhkoh
Paul ţawngkam hi lo en chîk deuh hlek ila, “He
Lehkhathawn hi in zinga in chhiar hnu-in Laodikei Kohhranho zingah pawh
chhiartir ve rawh u; nangni pawhin Laodikei khuaa mi kha lo chhiar ve bawk ang
che u“(Kol.4:16) tiin a sawi a. Helai
ţawngkam hi a Greek ţawng chuan hetiang hian a inziak a, “en te Laodikeon ekklesia... ten ek Laodikias…” Hemi thu hi hetiang
hian, a ţawngkam ngai ngaiin Letling dawn ta ila, "He lehkhathawn hi Laodikei
kohhran ho zingah lo chhiar ve rawhse, nangni pawhin LAODIKEI KHUA AŢANGA
LEHKHATHAWN KHA LO CHHIAR VE RAWH U (read in the church of the Laodiceans…and read
the epistle from Laodicea)."
Achunga
Greek ţawng aţanga lehlin-ah khi chuan, Kawh-tum 3 a nei thei ta tlat mai, (1).
Laodikei khuaa miten Paula hnena Lehkha an thawn, (2). Laodikei khua aţanga
Paulan Kolossa mite hnena Lehkha a thawn, (3). Paulan Laodikei khuaa mite hnena
Lehkha a thawn. A eng ber khi nge ni ang? tih chu Tawi tete-in Sawifiah zui dawn
ta ila.
(1).
Laodikei khuaa miten Paula hnenah Lehkha an thawn a, copy 2 siamin, anmahni
copy tur hi an dah-ţha a, anmahni copy dah-ţhat chu Kolossa mite hnenah chhiar
tura pechhawng turin Paulan a hrilh. He ngaihdân hi a fuh loh hmel viau.
(2).
Laodikei khua aţanga Kolossa mite hnena Lehkhathawn Paulan a ziak a ni tia ngaihdân
pawh hi amah Paula ţawngkam hian a rawn ţhiat tlat mai a, “Nangmahni leh Laodikei khuaa
awmte leh, tisaa ka hmel hmu lo apiangte…” (Kol.2:1) tiin a ziak a. Paula
hian Laodikei khua hi ala thleng lo hrim hrim a, a thlen loh khua aţang chuan
lehkhathawn ziah ngaihna a awm lo.
(3).
Tirhkoh Paula ngeiin Laodikei khuaa Kohhran-te hnena Lehkha a thawn a, Kolossa
mite pawh lo chhiar ve ngei turin a châh a ni. He ngaihdân hi a pawmawm hle. Kolossa
2:1 & 4:15-te kan chhiar chuan Paulan Laodikei kohhran a vei zia a lang
chiang hle a. Chuvangin, Lehkhathawn pawh a hran liau liau-in a ziak ngei ang
tih hi a rinhlelhawm loh. Amaherawhchu, vanduaithlâk takin, he Lehkhathawn hi
an hmuchhuak zo ta lova, a bo hlen ta a ni.
3. LEHKHATHAWN HMUH-CHHUAH ANGA SAWI
CHUNGCHÂNG
He
Laodikei Lehkhathawn (Paul’s Epistle to Laodiceans) Hmuh-chhuah anga sawi hi Victor
of Capua hnena lehkhathawn Fulda
Manuscript tia hriat lâr zingah telin A.D. 546 khân a rawn lâr ţan a. Fulda
Manuscripts awmna hi Monastery of Fulda, Germany-ah a ni a. Kum 744 khân Saint
Sturm (disciple of Saint Boniface)-an he Monastery hi a din a, he hmunah hian Latin
ţawnga ziak Manuscripts 2000 chuang an dah ţha a ni.
Khawthlang
lam Kohhran-in an hman “The Latin
Vulgate Bible”-ah chuan he Lehkhathawn (Epistle to the Laodiceans) hi kum
tam tak an lo chuan-tir tawh a. Kum zabi 4-na hnu phei chuan, Pope Gregory the
Great pawhin a pawmpui thuak a. John Wycliffe pawhin a Bible lehlin hmasak ber Latin
aţanga English-a a lehlin (1382)-ah khân a telh hman bawk.
Latin
Vulgate (Codex Fuldensis 546 telin) Bible tam takah te, Albigensian, Bohemian,
English leh Flemish Bible-ah te chuan an chuan-tir vek a. Kum zabi 10-na tawp
lamah khân Puithiam Aelfric (Dorset khua) chuan Anglo-Saxon Bible
thuhmahruai-ah Paulan Lehkhathawn 15 a ziah thu a târ lang a. Philemona dawtah
hian Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi a dah nghe nghe a. Mahse, tuna kan neih Bu 27-te
chauh hi pawm tlâka ngaih an ni ta a ni.
Martin
Luther-an Bible a Lehlin hmaa German Bibles Lehlin 18-ah te kha chuan (German Bible
hmasaber, Johann Mental-an 1488-a a lehlin tiamin) Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi an
telh vek a. Heng German Bible-ah te hian Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi Galatia leh
phesi inkârah an dah nghe nghe. Czech (Bohemian) Bible hmasaber, kum 1488-a
chhuah (kum zabi 16 & 17 chhunga vawi engemaw zat chhut-nawn)-ah pawh Kolossa
zawhah Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi dah a ni.
Khitiang
khawp khian Bible Lehlin hrang hrangah he Laodikei Lehkhathawn hian hmun a lo
luah thûk hman tawh a. Chuvangin, Bishop Lightfoot chuan, “He Lehkhathawn Lem hian Bible
Thianghlim-a pawm ni chiah silo, hnawl ni chiah bawk si lo dinhmunah kum zabi 9
chhung teh meuh kha kawngkhar bulah a lo ding tawh a ni (for more than nine
centuries this forged epistle hovered about the doors of the sacred Canon, without
either finding admission or being peremptorily excluded)” tiin a lo
sawi hial a ni.
Tichuan,
Kohhran Inkhawmpui Lian “Council of
Florence” (1439-43)-ah khân, Bible Bu ţhenhranna fel tak (categorical opinion on the Scriptural
canon) an lo siam, Thutthlung Thar Bu 27 te chu an nemnghet nawn leh a, “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” nia sawi hi chu hnawl-hlen a ni ta a ni.
He Inkhawmpuiah hi chuan, Paula Lehkhathawn zingah hian “Hebrai Lehkhathawn”
pawh telh a nih avangin Paula Lehkhathawn hi 14 anga record a ni nghe nghe a ni.
He
Laodikei Lehkhathawn nia sawi hi “Muratorian
Fragment” (Muratorian Canon)-ah pawh a tel lo tlat mai!! Kan hriat angin Muratorian
Fragment hi Milan Library-a Librarian Muratori-an kum 1740 khân Fragment hi a
hmu chhuak a. Hetah hian tuna Thuthlung Thar kan neih-te Nemnghettu atâna ţangkai
tak “Chanchin Ţha Bu-a Telte Chuanna” (List of Gospel) a ni a, Kum zabi 3-na
vela ziak ni ngeia ngaih a ni. He Muratorian Fragment-a a tel loh avang hian Scholar
tam tak-ten Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi an pawm lo ta bawk a ni.
He
Laodikei Lehkhathawn ni-awma sawi hi Ephesi Lehkhathawn nen a in-ang êm êm a, Châng
2 chiah in-ang lo (danglam) a awm kan tih tawh kha. Thuthlung Thara Bible Bu 27
awm-te hi in-kungkaih-kual deuh vek an nih laiin, Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi chu
khawi-ah mah, tumahin an sawi lang hauh lo hi thil mak tak a ni bawk. Hei hi Thuthlung
Thar Bu-a an telh lohna chhan pawimawh tak a ni reng a ni.
Scholar
tam tak ten “Lehkhathawn Lem leh
Siamchawp” (forgery/pseudo-gospel)-ah an pawm tlâng a. Bible-a an pawm loh chhan
lian berah chuan, Greek Ţawnga ziak a ni lova (no surviving Greek text), Latin ţawnga
ziak a ni tlat mai hi “Lehkhathawn Lem leh Siamchawp” a nihzia tichiangtu-a an
ngaihna chhan lian tak a leh bawk a ni.
4. ENG-ANG LEHKHATHAWN NGE NI RÊNG RÊNG?
Kan
sawi tâk Muratorian Fragment-ah khian, “Laodikei
Lehkhathawn” hi Marcion-a Ziak/Phuahchawp (Marcionist Epistle to the
Laodiceans) niin a târlang nghe nghe a. Hei hi a ţawngkam hmandân leh a thu kalpui
dân (outlook) en-in a hriat hle niin a sawi bawk. Marcion-a hi Pontus khuaa mi
a ni a, Gnostic ruh tak a ni a. A.D 140 khân Rome-ah kalin, ama ngaihdân leh
phuahchawp zirtirna chu a thehdarh ţan a. Ama thlankhawm bik Bible a siam nghe nghe a. Thuthlung Thar bikah Paula
Lehkhathawn 10 leh Chanchin Ţha Luka Ziak leh Tirhkohte Thiltih chiah chu
Bible-ah a pawm a. Marcion-a hian “7
Catholic Epistle” tia hriat lâr- Jakoba, Petera 1 & 2, Johana 1, 2
& 3 leh Juda te bâkah; Heng Matthaia, Marka, Johana, Hebrai te leh, “Pastoral Epsitles” tia kan hriat lâr- Timothe
1 & 2, Tita, te hi a hnawl vek bawk a ni.
Ţhenkhat
chuan, Paula hian Kolossa Lehkhathawn leh Laodikei Lehkhathawn te hi a rualin a
ziak a. Tukika a kentir ve ve a. Tin, Paula hian Lehkhathawn Inţawm/inang
(Circular Epistle) hi a ziak a, chu chu Kolossa ah te, Ephesi-ah te, Hierapoli
ah te, leh Laodikei khuaah te hian chhiar ţheuh turin a hrilh hlawm nia ngai an
awm a (Kol.4:13,16). He mite ngaihdânah chuan “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” hi a bo
lova, Lehkhathawn Inţawm/inang (Circular Epistle) a nih avangin tuna kan neih
Ephesi Lehkhathawn hi a ni mai e, an ti ve bawk. Mahse, he ngaihdân hi pawmpui
turin ţanpuitu Bible aţangin kan hmu mang tlat lova, pawm a hârsa deuh.
5. CHURCH FATHERS LEH BIBLE SCHOLAR-TE PAWM
DÂN
Kohhran
Pa (Church fathers)-te leh Bible Scholars-ten “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” hi “Ziah-chawp, Phuahchawp”
(forgery/pseudo-gospel) an tihna chhan ber-te chu, Kum zabi 1-na hun (First
century) chhunga ziak a nih loh avang leh Greek ţawnga ziak a nih loh avangin a
ni.
Jerome,
Peter T. O’Brien, Chrysostom, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret Beza te chuan “Laodikei
Lehkhathawn” ni-awma sawi hi eng ti kawng mahin Paula Lehkhathawn a ni thei lo
hrim hrim” tiin ngaihdân an sawh nghet
hle a. William Barclay thung chuan, “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” ni-awma an sawi hi Paula
Lehkhathawn a ni lo” tia a pawm ngheh viau laiin, “Philemona zawk hi Paulan
Laodikei khuaa a thawn zawk chu a ni” tiin ngaihdân danglam tak mai a nei hlauh
thung! He Barclay-a ngaihdân hi chu pawmpuitu an tlêm êm avangin pawmtlâk lovah
ngai ta mai ila.
Wilhelm
Schneemelcher chuan, “Marcion-a Lehkhathawn Phuahchawp (Marcionite forgeries) 2
te chu “Laodikei Lehkhathawn” leh “Alexandria Lehkhathawn” (epistle to the
Laodiceans & epistle to Alexandrians) te hi an ni,” a lo ti tawh bawk.
Tertullian leh Epiphanius of Salamis leh Filastrius te pawhin, “He Lehkhathawn
Phuahchawp hi Marcion-a Ziak a ni a, Paula hming a puttir mai a ni e,” an ti
bawk.
Pope
Gregory the Great chauh kha Kohhran Puipate zinga ‘Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi
Paula Ziak anga pawmtu’ tlêmte zinga a awm chhun a ni a. Pope Gregory pawh khan
a ‘pawm-nghet bur lo’ vet ho bawk.
6. TLÂNGKAWMNA
Bible-ah
ngei ziaka a awm avangin, Paulan Laodikei Khuaa Mite Hnenah hian Lehkha a thawn
ngei a ni tih thu-ah chuan Bible Scholar-te an lungrual tlâng hle a. Mahse, he
Lehkhathawn dik tak erawh hi chu tun thlengin hmuhchhuah ala ni ta lo a ni. O’Brien
chuan, “A.D 60-61 vela Lycus Phaizawl leh a chheh vela Lirnghingah khân he
Laodikei Lehkhathawn hi a ral ve ta a ni ang e,” a ti.
Tunlaia
“Laodikei Lehkhathawn” ni-awma sawi hi 150-350 A.D vela ziak niin a lang a. A Ziak
hun ngaihtuah hian Tirhkoh Paula ziak a ni thei lo hrim hrim a. Tin, he
Lehkhathawn hi Latin ţawnga ziak a ni a, Paula ziak chu nise Greek ţawngin a
ziak ngei ang tih a chiang bawk a ni.
Khitiang
khi a nih nuaih avângin, Bible-a telh tur-te thlan a nih lai khân “Lehkhathawn Phuahchawp”
a ni tih an pawm nghet hle a (almost unanimously considered pseudepigraphal).
Chuvangin, Bible-ah pawh an telh lo ta reng a ni. Jerome-a phei chuan, “mi zawng zawngin an hnawl a ni” (it is
rejected by everyone) a ti hial a nih kha. Chuvangin, LAODIKEI LEHKHATHAWN (Laodikei Khuaa Mite Hnena Tirhkoh Paula
Lehkhthawn) kha an la hmu-chhuak lova, hmuh-chhuah ni-awma an sawi pawh hi dâwt
leh phuahchawp a ni e.
SELECTED REFERENCES
1. Watson
E. Mills; Roger Aubrey Bullard Mercer. Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University
Press, 1990.
2. Bart
D. Ehrman. Lost Christianities: The Battles For Scripture And The Faiths We
Never Knew, 2005.
3.
Wilhelm Schneemelcher; Robert McLachlan Wilson; R. McL. Wilson New Testament
Apocrypha, Volume Two: Writings Relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses and
Related Subjects. Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.
4. Peter T. O'Brien, Word Biblical Commentary: Colossians-Philemon,
Word Biblical Commentary, Dallas: Word, 2002.
5.
The Letters to Timothy, Titus, and
Philemon, ed. William Barclay, Lecturer in the University of Glasgow, The
Daily study Bible Series, Rev. ed. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 2000.
6. D.A. Carson, New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, 4th ed. USA: IVP, 1994.
7. Robert W. Wall, Colossians & Philemon, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series. USA: IVP, 1993.
8. www.ntcanon.org/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans.shtml
6. D.A. Carson, New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, 4th ed. USA: IVP, 1994.
7. Robert W. Wall, Colossians & Philemon, The IVP New Testament Commentary Series. USA: IVP, 1993.
8. www.ntcanon.org/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans.shtml
9.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon
10.
www.marcionite-scripture.info/
EPISTLE
TO THE LAODICEANS
1. Paul, an apostle not of men
and not through man, but through Jesus Christ, to the brethren who are in
Laodicea: 2. Grace to you and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus
Christ. 3. I thank Christ in all my prayer that you are steadfast in him and
persevering in his works, in expectation of the promise for the day of
judgment. 4. And may you not be deceived by the vain talk of some people who
tell (you) tales that they may lead you away from the truth of the gospel which
is proclaimed by me. 5. And now may God grant that those who come from me for
the furtherance of the truth of the gospel (...) may be able to serve and to do
good works for the well-being of eternal life. 6. And now my bonds are
manifest, which I suffer in Christ, on account of which I am glad and rejoice.
7. This ministers to me unto eternal salvation, which (itself) is effected
through your prayers and by the help of the Holy Spirit, whether it be through
life or through death. 8. For my life is in Christ and to die is joy (to me).
9. An this will his mercy work in you, that you may have the same love and be
of one mind. 10. Therefore, beloved, as you have heard my presence, so hold
fast and do in the fear of God, and eternal life will be your portion. 11. For
it is God who works in you. 12. And do without hesitation what you do. 13. And
for the rest, beloved, rejoice in Christ and beware of those who are out for
sordid gain. 14. May all your requests be manifest before God, and be yea
steadfast in the mind of Christ. 15. And what is pure, true, proper, just and
lovely, do. 16. And what you have heard and received, hold in your heart and
peace will be with you. [17. Salute all the brethren with the holy kiss.] 18.
The Saints salute you. 19. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your
spirit. 20. And see that this epistle is read to the Colossians and that of the
Colossians among you.
EPISTULA AD LAODICAEOS
1:1 Paulus apostolus non ab
hominibus neque per hominem sed per Iesum Christum, fratribus qui sunt
Laodiciae. 1:2 gratia vobis et pax a Deo Patre et Domino Iesu Christo. 1:3
gratias ago Christo per omnem orationem meam, quod permanentes estis in eo et
perseverantes in operibus eius, promissum expectantes in diem iudicii. 1:4
neque destituant vos quorundam vaniloquia insinuantium, ut vos evertant a
veritate evangelii quod a me praedicatur. 1:5 et nunc faciet Deus, ut qui sunt
ex me ad profectum veritatis evangelii deservientes et facientes benignitatem
operum quae salutis vitae aeternae 1:6 et nunc palam sunt vincula mea quae
patior in Christo; quibus laetor et gaudeo. 1:7 et hoc mihi est ad salutem
perpetuam; quod ipsum factum orationibus vestris et administrantem Spiritum
Sanctum, sive per vitam sive per mortem. 1:8 est enim mihi vere vita in Christo
et mori gaudium. 1:9 et in ipsum in vobis faciet misericordiam suam, ut eandem
dilectionem habeatis et sitis unianimes. 1:10 ergo, dilectissimi, ut audistis
praesentia mei, ita retinete et facite in timore Dei, et erit vobis vita in
aeternum; 1:11 est enim Deus qui operatur in vos. 1:12 et facite sine retractu
quaecumque facitis. 1:13 et quod est, dilectissimi, gaudete in Christo. et
praecavete sordidos in lucro. 1:14 omnes sint petitiones vestrae palam apud
Deum. et estote firmi in sensu Christi. 1:15 et quae integra et vera et pudica
et iusta et amabilia facite. 1:16 et quae audistis et accepistis, in corde
retinete, et erit vobis pax. 1:17 salutate omnes fratres in osculo sancto. 1:18
salutant vos sancti. 1:19 gratia Domini Iesu cum spiritu vestro. 1:20 et facite
legi Colosensium vobis. (from the Vulgate & The World)
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